Challenges of today’s healthcare system

Counterfeit medicines
The healthcare supply chain has one of the biggest challenges. Counterfeit drugs cause a lot of damage not only to people but also to the healthcare industry. Without proper control, many medicines are counterfeited every year.

About 10% -30% of medicines are counterfeit and many people get sick every day. Right now, the market for counterfeit drugs is over $200 billion dollars a year. This means that about 1/3 of the medicines supplied are counterfeit.

Data Segmentation
Another problem in this industry is the problem of data segmentation. Usually a lot of important information such as patient data is scattered all over the network. And so when it is needed, no one can find the right information at the right time.

So when doctors need to know the patient’s medical history, they cannot get all the information at once. Thus, doctors cannot provide the patient with the treatment they need.

Poor management
The management system of the healthcare industry is not up to the mark. They cannot offer an efficient system where everything is streamlined.

Health care and data storage
Often someone misuses valuable information about medical data. Moreover, selling this information to outside companies jeopardizes patient privacy. Also, many people are misled by flawed clinical trial reports.

How blockchain can help

• Enable interoperability between systems
• Provide a higher level of security
• Provide lower cost of care
• Ensure data integrity
• Offer universal access

Blockchain applications for healthcare

Clinical trials
Blockchain can improve clinical trial monitoring by eliminating fraud and data manipulation. Using the platform, they can store all information in a ledger and further simplify the output. It will also greatly improve healthcare itself.

Claims and billing
The billing process is quite complex and takes up a lot of precious time. By removing intermediaries, blockchain can improve both claims and billing in healthcare. Sometimes, bad intermediaries tend to bill more than they are phakeically. Thus, blockchain for enterprise will get rid of such bad players.

Drug Tracking
As you already know, counterfeiting of medicines is a huge problem. But blockchain for enterprise can offer timestamps for medicines and transactions to solve it. It can solve the problem of recognizing counterfeiting by providing time-fixed immutable transactions across the supply chain.

Patient data management
Blockchain can be used to store data securely. It improves personalization and pinpointing of patient data.

Blockchain for public services

Law enforcement
If governments use public blockchain, they can fight money laundering. A public blockchain will monitor the process of legal transactions and work whenever they see a bad player.

Taxation
The taxation process is overly complicated every year and many people don’t even pay taxes even though they should. Thus, governments lose valuable tax money every year.

Legislation. Reports
Legislative records are one of the most important elements of government. If they can make them fully digitized, they can keep better records of them. Moreover, blockchain for enterprise networks can really help here.

Welfare distribution
The government’s welfare projects suffer from systemic loss and mismanagement. Adopting enterprise blockchain in this can significantly reduce system losses and offer better governance on welfare issues.

Healthcare services
As you already know, the healthcare industry can shine with blockchain, and governments can be the ones to adopt this technology in the industry.

Digitized Identities
What’s the best way to have blockchain for corporate networks within governments to preserve public rights of way? If governments can offer digital identities, the problems with identity theft will decrease dramatically.

Cyber security
Government infrastructures have a very old network system that makes it susceptible to hacking. But they can use enterprise blockchain to combat cyberattacks.

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They say that it is impossible to make it faster, better and cheaper, but you will not go far in the implementation of blockchain in the enterprise if will be satisfied with only two of these qualities.

So what are the main obstacles to implementing blockchain technology. When choosing an appropriate solution, you need to answer at least the following questions.

– Does the “solution” meet the standards of the industry’s reference architecture? Without this, it will not be able to integrate into industry systems for public and private blockchain transaction processing. It’s unfortunate, but you can’t do without profit-hungry middlemen just yet. All of the infrastructure, processes and systems that make the world go round (and do a pretty good job of it), if they are to be scrapped and replaced by something coherent, it won’t happen tomorrow.
– Does the “solution” fit into the reference architecture of the OSI model? Since blockchain is sometimes referred to as Web 3.0, the Internet of Value, or any other sales and marketing jargon, the solution should fit the most current industry standard that most closely resembles the OSI articulated standards for networks, the Internet, and web services. Yes, technology, like standards, must evolve to meet new usage scenarios for mass consumption.
– How is it easier to fit your blockchain “solution” into the Enterprise Technology Framework? This enterprise technology framework defines the technology services and functions (IT capabilities) required to support business applications and data. These include common (or shared) application services, common system and data services, network services, security services, platform services and administration tools that enable IT service delivery. It may also be helpful to identify the specifics of the business or new business service that may be required. Or, in the case of a hybrid cloud model, which system or service should be based in the enterprise data center (e.g., System of Record) and which can be offered in a public cloud SaaS model or made available through a System of Engagement via a smartphone or other mobile device. Enterprise Technology Framework environments provide a blueprint for solving business problems including applications, services, systems and data. And blockchain can relate to some of the above.

In addition, when thinking about finding a problem that your blockchain “solution” should solve, you need to think about the architectural principles underlying it. Failure to think holistically about this issue is fraught with challenges (in technology and business, individual and enterprise level) that blockchain will not be able to solve. Note that these are not architectural “givens,” they are architectural drivers or principles that require some sort of overcoming to truly embrace and utilize.

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Let us present a case where this property may be in demand. There is a large metallurgical plant and an oil and gas company. The company orders pipes from the plant, the plant produces them. The quality of the pipes is checked, recorded in some system. Then the pipes are transported by rail, the transportation operator marks them in his system. After transportation the pipes are checked again and the result is recorded somewhere. The pipes arrive at the warehouse and their status is again recorded somewhere. As a result, many intermediate systems like SAP or 1C interact in one process, and it is reasonable to automate this interaction.

The first option is standard point-to-point integrations with all counterparties. With one plant and one oil and gas company, everything is simple: there is only one integration. A transportation company is added – we get three integrations. And then the number of integrations increases exponentially, according to the formula n*(n-1)/2), where n is the number of participants. The task is complicated by the fact that all systems available on the market do not provide for data harmonization. Large companies have been doing such projects for many years, spending many millions and bloating the IT staff to ridiculous sizes. But if the business develops, sooner or later the peer-to-peer approach will complicate the work so much that employees will start solving all problems the old-fashioned way, through mail, phone or whatever.

The second option is a single database in some cloud. The plant, oil and gas company and other contractors would be happy to add all pipes there and just change their statuses. The data reconciliation problem is solved, but many others arise. Who will be responsible for the data? What about “trade secret information”? Can the cloud provider be trusted? Everyone involved is willing to be responsible for their data, but few will trust anyone else with it – and the bigger the company, the more closed.

The third option – a developer of an industry solution comes to the market claiming to be able to solve all business process problems. You just need to exchange data with him. Most of the integrations with an unlimited number of participants are done in this way, with the help of service providers. But who will act as a service provider? Let’s take the example of sensitive data – for example, the exchange of credit histories. Sberbank could act as a service provider here, but such a position would give it an uncompetitive advantage. In this case, the issue is solved with the help of an independent participant with special powers – BCI, a credit history bureau. The BCI is engaged in data exchange and develops the necessary software for this purpose.

Let us assess the possible problems of this approach. The creation of a new global market player will require large expenses, and in cases like the one described above, it will also require changes in legislation. All data is centralized in one place and therefore the whole system becomes more vulnerable. The service provider itself may leak the data for its own benefit or by mistake.

Finally, we come to a solution via blockchain. The main advantages here are:

• You can share data, but still retain control over who sees what data.
• The number of integrations required will always be equal to the number of participants.
• Each participant is only responsible for its own infrastructure.
• The loss of any node in the network will not affect its resilience.
• There are, of course, disadvantages, mostly organizational.
• Each company will have to work on creating the necessary infrastructure at its own place. This can be characterized as self-service SaaS.

All interested companies need to organize themselves and agree on how they will build the blockchain. Few people work in such a masternet.

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